ESA to Universal Credit: The Final Countdown

John Edgar • 23 June 2025

The final phase of the move from income-related Employment and Support Allowance (ESA) to Universal Credit (UC) is now under way. All remaining claimants still receiving old-style ESA are being contacted by the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) and invited to claim UC by September 2025.


Here’s a summary of the key changes and what to watch out for:


Migration Timeline


The government has brought the deadline forward from December to September 2025 due to the pace of progress. As of March, 200,000 ESA claimants have already been moved across to UC. Around 83,000 migration notices are now being issued each month.


Enhanced Support for Vulnerable Claimants


If someone doesn’t claim UC by week 12 of receiving their migration notice, the DWP will start what’s called the ‘Enhanced Support Journey’. This includes:


  • Text messages and phone calls to the claimant
  • A possible referral to Citizens Advice or a complex case coach
  • Home visits where needed
  • An automatic four-week extension to the deadline if a home visit is arranged


This process is in place to make sure vulnerable or hard-to-reach claimants don’t miss out on support.


Special Situations


Claimants in hospital, care homes, or supported accommodation can receive home visits to help them make a claim. If someone already has an appointee, that role must be transferred to UC. Appointees will receive the migration notice directly and can complete the UC claim on the claimant’s behalf.


Transitional Protections


To honour the commitment that no one should be worse off when moving to UC, the DWP offers transitional elements for eligible claimants. This means:


  • If someone’s total legacy benefits are higher than their initial UC entitlement, a transitional amount is added
  • This amount is gradually reduced over time as UC increases (except for the childcare element)


Severe Disability Premium (SDP)


Claimants who previously received the SDP may qualify for a separate transitional SDP element, depending on their circumstances. There are three fixed rates depending on the individual or household situation, with additional amounts available in some cases, such as for enhanced disability or disabled children.


What If the Deadline Is Missed?


If a claim is made within one month (minus one day) after the deadline, it may still count as a ‘qualifying claim’. In that case, the UC award should be backdated to the original deadline date. If transitional elements are missing, advisers should request a mandatory reconsideration and appeal if necessary.


Claimants can also request deadline extensions or ask for the migration notice to be cancelled. This is at the discretion of the DWP and may be considered in cases of illness, hospitalisation, or other serious circumstances.


Changes to Permitted Work


Under ESA, permitted work could be done within strict income and hour limits without affecting entitlement. UC does not have an equivalent rule. Instead, earnings are subject to a work allowance and taper rate. The DWP has confirmed that claimants migrating to UC will not be penalised for permitted work carried out under ESA.


Need Advice?


CHAP’s advisers are here to help people navigate the migration process. We can:


  • Explain deadlines and what they mean
  • Support claimants with their UC application
  • Help challenge decisions and secure transitional protection
  • Offer ongoing advice as circumstances change


If you're unsure how these changes affect you - or someone you know - please get in touch.


Freephone 030 0002 0002 or use the online chat feature here on our website.

by John Edgar 10 November 2025
This November marks a very special milestone for CHAP as we celebrate our 25th anniversary. Reaching a quarter of a century is no small achievement, and we’re incredibly proud to have supported thousands of people across Ayrshire since 2000. Over the years, CHAP has grown from a small local advice project into a well-established and trusted charity providing free, independent and confidential advice on housing, debt, welfare rights. We’ve developed strong partnerships, expanded our services, and adapted to meet the changing needs of our communities. From helping individuals facing homelessness to delivering financial education in schools and supporting homeowners at risk of repossession through the AHAP service , our commitment has always been the same - to help people find stability, security, and confidence in difficult times. We’ve achieved so much along the way and worked alongside national and local partners to tackle poverty and promote financial wellbeing. Each step has been driven by our belief that everyone deserves a fair chance at a better quality of life, and our commitment remains to empower individuals and families to thrive. None of this would have been possible without the dedication and compassion of our team. To our incredible staff, board of trustees, volunteers, partners, funders and donors - thank you. Your continued support, passion, and belief in our mission have contributed to making CHAP what it is today. Of course, the landscape for third sector organisations remains uncertain. Many charities have not been as fortunate in reaching such a significant milestone. Funding is increasingly competitive, while the need for our services continues to grow as more households face financial strain and insecurity due to the current cost of living crisis and lack of affordable housing. Despite these challenges, we remain determined to continue delivering vital support to those who need it most, while working to secure our long-term sustainability. It’s been a challenging, but always rewarding, journey. As we celebrate 25 years of helping our community, we’re also looking ahead with optimism and determination - ready to face new challenges, strengthen key partnerships, and continue making a difference for the next 25 years and beyond.
by John Edgar 27 October 2025
With the nights now drawing in and the temperature dropping, heating your home becomes an increasing worry - especially if you’re on a tight budget or have extra heating needs. At CHAP, we want to help you make the most of the support available and avoid getting into debt because of energy bills. Here’s your guide to what's available to assist you over the winter. Support from Social Security Scotland There are three key payments you should know about - and you may already qualify without needing to apply. Winter Heating Payment (WHP) This is a one-off annual payment for households who are on certain low-income benefits (such as Universal Credit, Pension Credit, Income Support or Income based Jobseeker's Allowance) and might have extra heating needs over the winter months. Winter Heating Payment will be paid from December 2025 and will be £59.75. You don’t always need to apply - if you were already on the qualifying benefits during the qualifying week (3 November to 9 November 2025) you should receive it automatically. More information: www.mygov.scot/winter-heating-payment Pension Age Winter Heating Payment (PAWHP) The benefit replaces the older Winter Fuel Payment and is for people of State Pension age who are in receipt of certain qualifying benefits. If you're eligible, you could get a payment of between £101.70 and £305.10. Most eligible people get the payment automatically and do not need to apply. You’ll get a letter to confirm your payment, with letters due to be sent from November 2025. More information: www.mygov.scot/pension-age-winter-heating-payment Child Winter Heating Payment (CWHP) This is a one-off yearly payment for families of disabled children or young people who receive certain disability-related benefits, to help with increased heating costs over winter. The payment amount for 2025/26 is £255.80. You typically don’t need to apply - it’s automatic if you’re eligible. More information: www.mygov.scot/child-winter-heating-payment Support from Energy Suppliers Some energy suppliers are also stepping up to help their customers reduce heating costs and keep homes warm. OVO Energy and Octopus Energy are both offering free electric blankets to help households facing financial hardship stay warm without the high cost of heating an entire home. Electric blankets are a cost-effective way to keep warm, using just 2-4p per hour to run. Priority is given to: Older people Those with mobility issues Individuals with health conditions that make them more vulnerable to the cold Both energy firms require customers to apply directly to be considered. As part of the process, Octopus Energy may ask you to complete a Paylink budget form to review your household income and spending before confirming your eligibility. They’ve allocated 10,000 blankets, limited to one per household, with most applications reviewed and decided on within a week. This is a great initiative offering some much-needed warmth and relief for those struggling with heating costs this winter. Find out more: octopus.energy/blog/free-electric-blankets-for-our-most-vulnerable oes.ovoenergy.com It helps to look after your heating system too - bleeding radiators, servicing your boiler, and covering sources of draughts will all help your home stay warmer at lower cost. How CHAP can help If you’re worried about your heating this winter - whether it’s how you’re going to pay the bills, whether you’re warm enough, or whether you’re eligible for all the help available - please get in touch with us. We provide free, independent, confidential advice on benefits, housing, debt and more. We also have a selection of hats and scarves that were kindly donated by knitwear manufacturer Robert Mackie of Scotland ( www.robertmackie.com ). These are available to anyone in need - just contact us to request them. Please stay warm and safe this winter and be assured that support is available if you're struggling. Call us on Freephone 030 0002 0002
by John Edgar 29 September 2025
At CHAP, we see firsthand the difference that local support, guidance, and investment can make to people’s lives. These crucial services contribute to reducing levels of poverty in our communities. Each year, The Poverty Alliance shines a light on the realities of poverty in Scotland and highlights the steps we can take to build a fairer, more just society. Running from 6th-10th October 2025, Challenge Poverty Week is an opportunity to raise awareness, share ideas, and push for much-needed change. There are different themes for each day of Challenge Poverty Week: Monday 6th October - Social Security We need to ensure everyone has enough to meet their basic needs. Far too many people are still unaware of their benefit entitlements and don't claim additional financial support - which can often lead to debt. At CHAP, our advisers support individuals and families with benefits advice, eligibility checks, and form-filling to help them access the support they’re entitled to and help prevent financial crises. Tuesday 7th October - Jobs and Employability Work is about more than just a payslip - it’s about security, dignity, fair hours, and having a voice in the workplace. At CHAP, we lead by example and are proud to be both a Living Wage and Living Hours employer, ensuring all our staff are paid fairly and have sustainable and flexible working patterns. We also partner with local employability services and have created an animation that follows the journey of a parent looking to re-enter employment, highlighting the ups and downs many people face along the way – and demonstrating how accessing the right support can help people overcome barriers and achieve a more secure future for themselves and their family. You can view the video here: youtube.com Wednesday 8th October - Better Investments in Life’s Essentials Everyone should have access to safe housing, childcare, digital access, transport, and social care. Our advisers work to prevent problems escalating, providing help with housing, debt, and benefits so people can focus on living, learning, and working. Thursday 9th October - Better Investments in Our Communities Communities thrive when there are local services, opportunities, and strong support networks. CHAP works with partners across Ayrshire to provide advice, education, and guidance, from financial literacy workshops in schools to one-to-one support for those in need. Friday 10th October - Warm Homes, Green Travel, Safe Climate Fuel poverty and high energy bills affect far too many families. CHAP helps people manage energy debt and refer to partners for additional support with changing suppliers to reduce tariffs. Towards the end of the month, the Scotland Demands Better march takes place in Edinburgh on Saturday 25th October. This public march is open to all and aims to highlight the need for change so that every household can access life’s essentials - from a safe, warm home and a decent income to healthcare, education, and support for those who need it most. It is an opportunity for people across Scotland to come together and raise awareness of the challenges that many face and to call for robust policies that help households thrive. To find out more about Challenge Poverty Week please visit: Challenge Poverty Week - The Poverty Alliance For more information on the Scotland Demands Better march please visit: SCOTLAND DEMANDS BETTER If you, or someone you know, is facing issues with housing, benefits or debt please contact CHAP to arrange an appointment. Call Freephone 030 0002 0002 or use the live chat on our website.
by John Edgar 15 September 2025
At CHAP, we understand how overwhelming it can feel when every step towards employment seems to come with new challenges. From childcare costs to changes in benefits, it’s easy to feel like you’re taking one step forward and two steps back. To illustrate this, we’ve created an animation which follows one parent’s journey back into employment while highlighting the barriers families can face along the way - and the local support available to help overcome them. Watch the video below:
by John Edgar 1 September 2025
When life throws challenges our way - whether it’s housing worries, debt issues, or navigating the complex benefits system - it can feel daunting knowing where to turn. That’s why it’s so important to choose an organisation you can trust. At CHAP, we’re proud to hold a range of accreditations and memberships that show our advice isn’t just free and confidential, but it's also backed by the highest professional standards. Here are some of the key accreditations and regulatory bodies that oversee the work we do, and why they matter: • Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) Regulation Finally, CHAP is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA). This means our financial advice meets robust industry standards, offering clients an extra layer of protection and peace of mind. • Scottish National Standards for Information and Advice Providers CHAP holds Type III accreditation under these national standards - the highest level possible. This means our advice in housing, welfare rights, and money/debt is independently assessed to ensure it meets strict criteria for quality, accuracy and professionalism. For our clients, this offers reassurance that the guidance we provide is trusted and reliable. • Approved Money Advisers We’re approved by the Scottish Government as money advisers for the Homeowner’s Support Fund. This allows us to deliver projects like the AHAP service, helping homeowners who are struggling with their mortgage to access vital support and prevent repossession. • Accountant in Bankruptcy Authorisation CHAP is approved by the AIB (Accountant in Bankruptcy) to provide assistance with formal debt solutions. We can support people applying for the Debt Arrangement Scheme (DAS) and use the BASYS system to submit bankruptcy applications where appropriate. This ensures that clients receive correct, regulated support with serious financial decisions. • Fair Work Commitment As both a Living Wage and Living Hours accredited employer, CHAP demonstrates a strong commitment to fair pay and job security. We believe that treating our staff well not only benefits them, but also enhances the quality of service our community receives. Why it matters For over twenty years, CHAP has been trusted to deliver free, independent and confidential advice across Ayrshire. But trust isn’t just something you say - it’s something you prove. These accreditations and regulatory commitments show that we’re accountable, professional and dedicated to doing things the right way. So, whether you’re worried about rent arrears, need help with benefits, or are struggling with debt, you can be confident that CHAP’s advisers are working to the very highest standards of care and professionalism. If you, or someone you know, could benefit from our services, please get in touch: Freephone 030 0002 0002 .

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by John Edgar 10 November 2025
This November marks a very special milestone for CHAP as we celebrate our 25th anniversary. Reaching a quarter of a century is no small achievement, and we’re incredibly proud to have supported thousands of people across Ayrshire since 2000. Over the years, CHAP has grown from a small local advice project into a well-established and trusted charity providing free, independent and confidential advice on housing, debt, welfare rights. We’ve developed strong partnerships, expanded our services, and adapted to meet the changing needs of our communities. From helping individuals facing homelessness to delivering financial education in schools and supporting homeowners at risk of repossession through the AHAP service , our commitment has always been the same - to help people find stability, security, and confidence in difficult times. We’ve achieved so much along the way and worked alongside national and local partners to tackle poverty and promote financial wellbeing. Each step has been driven by our belief that everyone deserves a fair chance at a better quality of life, and our commitment remains to empower individuals and families to thrive. None of this would have been possible without the dedication and compassion of our team. To our incredible staff, board of trustees, volunteers, partners, funders and donors - thank you. Your continued support, passion, and belief in our mission have contributed to making CHAP what it is today. Of course, the landscape for third sector organisations remains uncertain. Many charities have not been as fortunate in reaching such a significant milestone. Funding is increasingly competitive, while the need for our services continues to grow as more households face financial strain and insecurity due to the current cost of living crisis and lack of affordable housing. Despite these challenges, we remain determined to continue delivering vital support to those who need it most, while working to secure our long-term sustainability. It’s been a challenging, but always rewarding, journey. As we celebrate 25 years of helping our community, we’re also looking ahead with optimism and determination - ready to face new challenges, strengthen key partnerships, and continue making a difference for the next 25 years and beyond.
by John Edgar 27 October 2025
With the nights now drawing in and the temperature dropping, heating your home becomes an increasing worry - especially if you’re on a tight budget or have extra heating needs. At CHAP, we want to help you make the most of the support available and avoid getting into debt because of energy bills. Here’s your guide to what's available to assist you over the winter. Support from Social Security Scotland There are three key payments you should know about - and you may already qualify without needing to apply. Winter Heating Payment (WHP) This is a one-off annual payment for households who are on certain low-income benefits (such as Universal Credit, Pension Credit, Income Support or Income based Jobseeker's Allowance) and might have extra heating needs over the winter months. Winter Heating Payment will be paid from December 2025 and will be £59.75. You don’t always need to apply - if you were already on the qualifying benefits during the qualifying week (3 November to 9 November 2025) you should receive it automatically. More information: www.mygov.scot/winter-heating-payment Pension Age Winter Heating Payment (PAWHP) The benefit replaces the older Winter Fuel Payment and is for people of State Pension age who are in receipt of certain qualifying benefits. If you're eligible, you could get a payment of between £101.70 and £305.10. Most eligible people get the payment automatically and do not need to apply. You’ll get a letter to confirm your payment, with letters due to be sent from November 2025. More information: www.mygov.scot/pension-age-winter-heating-payment Child Winter Heating Payment (CWHP) This is a one-off yearly payment for families of disabled children or young people who receive certain disability-related benefits, to help with increased heating costs over winter. The payment amount for 2025/26 is £255.80. You typically don’t need to apply - it’s automatic if you’re eligible. More information: www.mygov.scot/child-winter-heating-payment Support from Energy Suppliers Some energy suppliers are also stepping up to help their customers reduce heating costs and keep homes warm. OVO Energy and Octopus Energy are both offering free electric blankets to help households facing financial hardship stay warm without the high cost of heating an entire home. Electric blankets are a cost-effective way to keep warm, using just 2-4p per hour to run. Priority is given to: Older people Those with mobility issues Individuals with health conditions that make them more vulnerable to the cold Both energy firms require customers to apply directly to be considered. As part of the process, Octopus Energy may ask you to complete a Paylink budget form to review your household income and spending before confirming your eligibility. They’ve allocated 10,000 blankets, limited to one per household, with most applications reviewed and decided on within a week. This is a great initiative offering some much-needed warmth and relief for those struggling with heating costs this winter. Find out more: octopus.energy/blog/free-electric-blankets-for-our-most-vulnerable oes.ovoenergy.com It helps to look after your heating system too - bleeding radiators, servicing your boiler, and covering sources of draughts will all help your home stay warmer at lower cost. How CHAP can help If you’re worried about your heating this winter - whether it’s how you’re going to pay the bills, whether you’re warm enough, or whether you’re eligible for all the help available - please get in touch with us. We provide free, independent, confidential advice on benefits, housing, debt and more. We also have a selection of hats and scarves that were kindly donated by knitwear manufacturer Robert Mackie of Scotland ( www.robertmackie.com ). These are available to anyone in need - just contact us to request them. Please stay warm and safe this winter and be assured that support is available if you're struggling. Call us on Freephone 030 0002 0002
by John Edgar 29 September 2025
At CHAP, we see firsthand the difference that local support, guidance, and investment can make to people’s lives. These crucial services contribute to reducing levels of poverty in our communities. Each year, The Poverty Alliance shines a light on the realities of poverty in Scotland and highlights the steps we can take to build a fairer, more just society. Running from 6th-10th October 2025, Challenge Poverty Week is an opportunity to raise awareness, share ideas, and push for much-needed change. There are different themes for each day of Challenge Poverty Week: Monday 6th October - Social Security We need to ensure everyone has enough to meet their basic needs. Far too many people are still unaware of their benefit entitlements and don't claim additional financial support - which can often lead to debt. At CHAP, our advisers support individuals and families with benefits advice, eligibility checks, and form-filling to help them access the support they’re entitled to and help prevent financial crises. Tuesday 7th October - Jobs and Employability Work is about more than just a payslip - it’s about security, dignity, fair hours, and having a voice in the workplace. At CHAP, we lead by example and are proud to be both a Living Wage and Living Hours employer, ensuring all our staff are paid fairly and have sustainable and flexible working patterns. We also partner with local employability services and have created an animation that follows the journey of a parent looking to re-enter employment, highlighting the ups and downs many people face along the way – and demonstrating how accessing the right support can help people overcome barriers and achieve a more secure future for themselves and their family. You can view the video here: youtube.com Wednesday 8th October - Better Investments in Life’s Essentials Everyone should have access to safe housing, childcare, digital access, transport, and social care. Our advisers work to prevent problems escalating, providing help with housing, debt, and benefits so people can focus on living, learning, and working. Thursday 9th October - Better Investments in Our Communities Communities thrive when there are local services, opportunities, and strong support networks. CHAP works with partners across Ayrshire to provide advice, education, and guidance, from financial literacy workshops in schools to one-to-one support for those in need. Friday 10th October - Warm Homes, Green Travel, Safe Climate Fuel poverty and high energy bills affect far too many families. CHAP helps people manage energy debt and refer to partners for additional support with changing suppliers to reduce tariffs. Towards the end of the month, the Scotland Demands Better march takes place in Edinburgh on Saturday 25th October. This public march is open to all and aims to highlight the need for change so that every household can access life’s essentials - from a safe, warm home and a decent income to healthcare, education, and support for those who need it most. It is an opportunity for people across Scotland to come together and raise awareness of the challenges that many face and to call for robust policies that help households thrive. To find out more about Challenge Poverty Week please visit: Challenge Poverty Week - The Poverty Alliance For more information on the Scotland Demands Better march please visit: SCOTLAND DEMANDS BETTER If you, or someone you know, is facing issues with housing, benefits or debt please contact CHAP to arrange an appointment. Call Freephone 030 0002 0002 or use the live chat on our website.